命题规律
1、列举处常考
列举处指的是 First,...,Second ,...,Third,..., 等并列关系词出现的部分。要求考生从列举出的内容中 , 选出符合题干要求的答案项。列举方式有时不用数字排序 , 而是采取句式排比的方式进行。
2、 举例与打比方的地方常考
为了使自己的观点更具有说服力，更加明确 ，作者常以具体的例子来佐证。这些例子或比喻常会成为考点，因此考生应对那些引出这些例子或比喻的标志词加以注意。这类词很多，常见的有as, such, for example, for instance, a case, in point 等。
3、 （指示）代词出现处常考
这类考题 ,常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文之间的句际关系和意义。
4、 引用人物论断处常考
作者为正确表达自己观点或使论点更有依据 , 常会引用某些权威人士的论断或采纳其重要发现等。命题者常在此处作文章。
5、 特殊标点符号后的内容常考
由于特殊标点符号后的内容常是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明， 因此命题者常对标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体说，特殊标点符号包括：破折号（表解释），括号（表解释），冒号（表解释），引号（表引用）。
例题：
CET4 1999 年1月第2篇
President Coolide's statgnent,The business of America is b11sines,still point to an important truth today --that business institution have more prestige(威望)in American society than any other kind of organization,including the government.
Q:The statement The business of America is businessprobably means__.
[A]the business institution in America are concerned with commerce
[B]business problems are of great importance to the American governmenthinmis
[C]business is of primary concern to Americans
[D]Aameric is a great power in world business
正确答案是 [C]
根据引号及其内容很快找到原文相关部分，其后的破折号必是对该句的解释。因此考生不必在原文所引内容的两个busine为何意上绞尽脑汁，只须理解破折号后内容，其意思是：美国商业机构在美国社会中享有的威望比包括政府在内的其他所有机构都要高。这个意思与选项 [C]中的primary concern(头等大事)相对应，故选[C]。
如果题目只是针对某一段的内容提间，可只看该段内容即可答题，而不必等到把文章全看完才做。
例题： CET6 2002年12月第29题
In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states; average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today.But,as most studies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 percent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims.And with so much more money floating in the workers' compensation system,it's not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie.
Q:After 1972 workers'compensation insurance in the U.S became more favorable to workers so that___.
[A]the poverty level for a family of four went up drastically
[B]more money was allocated to their compensation system
[C]there were fewer legal barriers when they filed for claims
[D]the number of workers suing for damages increased
正确答案是 [D]
根据题干中的after 1972可马上判断出线索在最后一段。这一段的大意是说自1972年后，越来越多的人因工伤索赔而获益，所以越来越多的人就进行索赔，那么也就有医生和律师也来分一杯羹。尤其第二句话提到：索赔获益每增加10个百分点，进行索赔的工人人数就增加了5个百分点，与[D]一致。
选项中照抄或似乎照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义词替换的选项一般是答案。
例题：CET4 1997年6月第3篇
Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31a.m.on a holiday when traffic was light on the city's highways. In addition,changes made to the constructions codes in Los Angeles during the last 2O years have strengthened the city's buildings and highways,making them more resistant to earthquake.
Q:One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparatively low is that____.
[A]new computers had been installed in the buildings
[B]it occurred in the residential rather than on the highways
[C]large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday
[D]improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways
正确答案是 [D]
在四个选项中[C]项和[D]都与原文有关。但[C]达似乎照抄原文“the quake occurred…on a holiday”，但实际上是对原文的曲解。原文中并没有说大多Los Angeles的居民们外出度假了，只是说了当时的交通情况。而选项[D]中的improvement 是对“change made to the construction codes”的解释，是change在该文中的同义替换词，因此[D]是正确答案。
选项中表达意义较具体，或肤浅地表达了字面意思的，一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
例题：CET4 2000年1月第1篇
Is it worth it?Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1)How likely the event is;and 2)How bad the consequences are if the event occurs.Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might srike Earth once every 500,000 years.
Q:What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?
[A]It is very unlikely but the danger exists.
[B]Such a co
llision might occur every 25 years.
[C]Collidons d smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.
[D]It's still ear1y to say whether such a collision might occur.
正确答案是 [A]
依据节选文中最后一句可知虽然小行星每 50 万年才撞击地球一次 , 但此事总是有可能发生的。在四个选项中 , 只有 [A] 项 小行星与地球碰撞的可能性不大 , 但这种危险是存在的 概括性。因此 [A] 项正确。
选项内容与其他三项有较大差别的 , 可能为答案。
例题：CET4 1996年6月第3篇
Most our patients(注:指上文中提到的terminally iil patients) welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly,honestly,and frankly about their trouble.Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed,to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near.
Q:The need of a dying patient for company shows____.
[A]his desire for communication with other people
[B]his fear of approaching death
[C]his pessimistic attitude towards his condition
[D]his reluctance to part with his family
正确答案是 [A]
若时间不充分，在紧急状态下，对四个选项进行对比后可发现选项[A]内容与众不同，其他三 项均表明了对死亡来临时悲观的心情，如恐惧、悲观、不情愿等，只有[A]表明了渴望与他人交流的意愿。当然若时间充分可对原文相关部分进行分析， 以选文第一句为例，其意为：多数病人想与他人坦诚地谈谈自己的麻烦和困惑。由此可见，这是一种对交流的渴望，因而选[A]。
答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。这些语气词有 :must,always,never,the most,al1,merely,only,have to,any,no,completely,none,hardly 等。而选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有： could,may,often,should,usually,might,most(大多数),more or less,relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily等。
在议论文中那些符合一般常识的选项，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般性规律，属于普通现象的选项往往是答案项。
例题：CET6 2002年1月第30题
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign(良性的) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise.Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy.If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
Q:The primary solution to environmental problems is____.
[A]to allow market forces to operate properly
[B]to curb consumption of natural resources
[C]to limit the growth of the world population
[D]to avoid fluctuations in prices
正确答案是 [A]
本题题干是问解决环境问题的基本方法是什么，四个选项中[D]项“避免价格波动”与题干无关，[B]项“限制自然资源的消耗”和[C]项“控制世界人口的增长”虽然有利于环境问题的解决，但不是基本解决方法。故[A]项为正确答案。由文章最后一段话说：在价格和市场手段不能正常运转的地方便会出现环境、能源等问题，可以推出：环境问题的解决之道便在于让市场、价格手段正常地发挥作用，从而验证[A]项正确。
细节题干扰项特点：(1)与原句内容相反；(2)与原文内容一半相同一半不同；(3)与原句内容相似但过于绝对化；(4)原文中根本没提到。
自我测试一：
Studies of birds may offer unique insights into sleep.Jerome M.Siegel of the UCLA says he wonders if birds' half brain sleepis just the tip of the iceberg(冰山).He speculates that more examples may turn up when we take a closer look at other species.
Q:By just the tip of the iceberg,Siegel suggests that____.
[A]half brain sleep has something to do with icy weather
[B]the mystery of halfbrain sleep is close to being solved
[C]most birds living in cold regions tend to be half sleepers
[D]half brain sleep is a phenomenon that could exist among other species
参考答案：
答案为[D]。根据引号内容很快找到原文相关部分，其后的内容必是对该问的解释。第二句中说加州大学洛杉矶分校的Ferome M.Siegel推测鸟类的半脑睡眠现象只是冰山露出来的一角。第三句说如果我们对其他物种作进一步认真仔细的观察，可能会发现更多的例证，所以D正确。因此只要理解第二句、第三句的意思即可选出正确答案。 这一题是属于考特殊标点符号后的内容
自我测试二：
1. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak,and act similarly, on the job at least.
Q:According to the passage,people wearing uniforms___.
[A]are usually helped
[B]have little or no individual freedom
[C]tend to lose their individuality
[D]enjoy greater popularity
2. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls a
re being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
Q:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that____.
[A]their social roles are rigidly determined
[B]most boys would like to follow their fathers professions
[C]boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
[D]they like challenging activities
3. When school officials in Kalkaska,Michigan,closed classes last week,the media flocked to the story,portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy（吝啬的）taxpayers.There is some truth to that;the property tax rate here is one third lower than the state average.But shutting their schools also allowed Kalkaska’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point.Their aim was to spur Passage of legislation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school funding.
Q:We learn from the Passage that schools in Kalkaska,Michigan,are funded_____.
[A]mainly by the state government
[B]exclusively by the local government
[C]by the National Education Association
[D]by both the local and state government
参考答案：
1.答案是[C]。在时间不充裕情况下，我们粗略对照原文，发现对“穿制服”的讨论与individuality有关。四个选项中，[B和[C]涉及这一内容，而[刨项中由于使用“little”和“no”使语气过于绝对，[C]项则使用语气较为缓和的“tend to”，因此可确定[C]为正确答案。但是切记，若时间来得及，一定要返回原文有关部分验证答案，原文大意是：反对穿制服者的基本观点是制服缺少多样化，因此会使穿制服的人也失去个性。
答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。
2.答案是[A]。四个选项中，[A]项与其他几项相比符合人们对男女角色的普遍认识，而其他三项都有偏颇之处。 再返回原文，就在题干所涉及的句子之后，出现了[A]项关键词“social roles，rigidly determined”等，再次验证[A]， 因而选[A]。
议论文中符合一般常识的选项，富有深刻哲理，符合一般规律的选项。
3.快速阅读本段可知答案在[A]、[B]、[D]选项中，选项[A]和选项[B]说得过于绝对，[D]项用了both…and句型，所以[D]为正确答案。但是，如果时间来得及，一定要到原文中验证答案。由本段第一句话中“students as victims of stingy taxpayers”和第二句话中提到的当地的税率较低这一点可知，当地的教育经费一部分来自于地方的税收；再由本段最后一句话中“the states share of school funding”可知，州政府也分担教育经费。故验证[D]为正确答案。
答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。
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